Kedarnath Temple

The Kedarnath Temple, situated in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand, India, is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Numerous legends surround Lord Shiva, with many stories recounting his appearances on Earth. The places where he manifested have become significant pilgrimage sites.

In particular, there are 12 locations in India where Lord Shiva is believed to have appeared as a towering, radiant column of light, resembling a shivling made of pure light. These sacred sites are known as the “Jyotirlingas,” with “jyoti” meaning light and “ling” meaning column. The Kedarnath Temple is one of these 12 Jyotirlingas.

Located at: Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand)
Presiding Deity: Lord Shiva
Height: 3,583 meters (11,755 feet)
Best months to visit: April to October

Kedarnath Temple Pilgrimage

Kedarnath, one of the four sacred sites of the ‘Chhota Chaar Dhaam’ or ‘Himalayan Chaar Dhaam Yatra’, holds great significance for Hindus worldwide. It is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas in India and the only one located in Uttarakhand. The name “Kedarnath” translates to “the lord of the field,” derived from the Sanskrit words “kedara” (field) and “natha” (lord).

The temple stands at an elevation of 3,583 meters (11,755 feet) and is 223 kilometers (139 miles) from the nearest major town. Situated on the banks of the Mandakini River, a tributary of the Ganga, the temple is built of stone, though its exact date of construction remains unknown.

According to legends, Kedarnath was buried under snow for around 400 years before its rediscovery. The text Kashi Kedara Mahatmya suggests that it is named “Kedarnath” because the “crop of Moksha” (spiritual liberation) is believed to grow here.

Kedarnath Temple Opening

The opening date and time of Kedarnath Temple in 2024 will once again be determined based on the auspicious occasion of Akshay Tritya and announced on Maha Shivratri. The priests at Omkareshwar Temple in Ukhimath will calculate the exact date using the Panchang (Hindu calendar). For 2024, the temple doors are expected to open in May, following a special Pooja in the morning, with the date declared on Maha Shivratri.

The temple traditionally closes on Bhai Dooj, which falls after Diwali in November. After the morning Pooja, the shrine remains closed for six months due to heavy snowfall, which blocks access routes to Kedarnath. During this period, the statue of Lord Shiva is moved to Ukhimath, where it resides until its return to Kedarnath in the first week of May when the temple reopens.

Pilgrims from across India gather for this sacred pilgrimage when the temple reopens in May. The shrine closes around the time of Kartik, on Bhai Dooj (October-November), and reopens following Akshay Tritya (April-May). During its closure, the temple is buried under snow, and prayers and rituals are carried out at Ukhimath.

Where is Kedarnath Temple Located?

This Hindu shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva is situated in Rudraprayag, on the Garhwal Himalayan range in Uttarakhand. The temple is located near the sacred Mandakini River and stands on a hill, making it inaccessible by train, bus, or flight. Devotees must undertake a 16 km uphill trek from Gaurikund to reach the temple and seek blessings of Lord Shiva. For those unable to walk, facilities like ponies and palanquins are available.

The temple is perched at an altitude of 3,583 meters (11,755 feet) above sea level, along the banks of the Mandakini River, a tributary of the Ganga. Of the 12 Jyotirlingas, Kedarnath is located at the highest elevation.

Kedarnath Temple History:

Though the exact origins of Kedarnath Temple and its builder remain uncertain, a popular legend attributes its initial construction to the Pandavas toward the end of the Dwapar Yuga. According to this legend, two brothers, Nar and Narayan, who were incarnations of Lord Vishnu, were meditating in the region. During their penance, a Shivling emerged from the Earth, and the brothers began to worship it. Pleased by their devotion, Lord Shiva appeared and granted them a boon. They requested that Shiva reside there permanently in the form of a Jyotirlinga, so that devotees who come to worship him would be freed from their sufferings.

Another legend connects Kedarnath with the Pandavas after their victory in the Kurukshetra war. Sage Vyasa advised them to seek forgiveness from Lord Shiva for killing their relatives in battle. However, Lord Shiva, unwilling to forgive, disguised himself as a bull and fled to the Himalayas, specifically to a place called Gupt Kashi (Secret Kashi). The Pandavas eventually recognized the bull and tried to capture it by pulling its tail and hind legs. The bull disappeared into the ground at Kedarnath, where Shiva later reappeared in his true form. His hump remained visible, now worshipped as a conical rock at the Kedarnath shrine.

The remaining parts of Lord Shiva’s body appeared at four other locations, each worshipped as a manifestation of the deity. His arms surfaced at Tungnath, his face at Rudranath, his belly at Madmaheshwar, and his hair at Kalpeshwar. Together, these five sites are known as the “Panch Kedars” (Five Kedars), and temples were built by the Pandavas at each location as a mark of gratitude to Lord Shiva.

While the Mahabharata does not mention Kedarnath, one of the earliest references to the site appears in the Skanda Purana (7th-8th century), which recounts the story of the origin of the Ganga River. The text identifies Kedara (Kedarnath) as the place where Lord Shiva released the holy Ganga from his matted hair.

Literary Mention of the Temple

Though the legend suggests that the Kedarnath Temple was originally built by the Pandavas, there is no direct mention of Kedarnath in the Mahabharata epic. One of the earliest known references to Kedarnath is found in the Skanda Purana (7th-8th century), which recounts a legend about the descent of the River Ganga from heaven to Earth. According to this legend, when Ganga descended with tremendous force, it was too powerful for the Earth to bear. Lord Shiva intervened, trapping the Ganga in his matted hair, and released the river’s waters at Kedarnath, making it a sacred site.

Another significant belief associated with Kedarnath is that the 8th-century philosopher and saint, Adi Shankaracharya, took samadhi (left his physical body) at this very place, further elevating its spiritual importance.

According to a tradition recorded by the English mountaineer Eric Shipton in 1926, “many hundreds of years ago,” a single priest used to conduct services at both Kedarnath and Badrinath temples, traveling between the two daily, underscoring the deep connection between these two significant pilgrimage sites.

Temples of Panch Kedars

Along with the main Kedarnath temple, there are 4 other important, which are also called ‘Kedars’. Collectively these 5 temples are called ‘Panch Kedars’. These 5 temples are Kedarnath, Tungnath, Rudranath, Madhyamaheshwar, and Kalpeshwar.

Inside Kedarnath Temple

The main temple at Kedarnath is dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is worshipped here in the form of an irregularly shaped lingam. The lingam sits on a pedestal measuring 3.6 meters (12 feet) in circumference and height. In front of the main temple, there is a small pillared hall that contains images of Goddess Parvati and the five Pandava brothers from the Mahabharata.

The first hall inside the Kedarnath Temple features statues of the five Pandava brothers, Lord Krishna, Nandi (Shiva’s sacred bull and vehicle), and Virbhadra, a guardian of Lord Shiva. Additional statues include Draupadi, the Pandavas’ queen, and other Hindu deities. An unusual feature of the temple is a human head carved into the triangular stone lingam. Another similar carving can be found at a nearby temple, believed to be the site where Lord Shiva married Goddess Parvati.

Adi Shankaracharya, a great philosopher and saint from South India, stayed at Kedarnath for six years and is credited with reviving the temple, along with Badrinath and other regional temples. It is believed that Shankaracharya attained maha-samadhi (the ultimate liberation) at Kedarnath. His samadhi (memorial) is located just behind the main temple in a structure known as the Samadhi Mandir.

In addition to the Panch Kedars, there is another significant temple in the area that is lesser-known: the Bhairon Nath Temple. Bhairon Nath, or Bhairon Baba, is regarded as the guardian of Kedarnath. It is believed that he protects the temple and wards off evil forces during the winter months when the temple is closed. Visiting the Bhairon Nath Temple is an essential ritual during both the opening and closing ceremonies of Kedarnath.

Near Kedarnath, there is also a mountain believed to be the route the Pandavas took to ascend to heaven, called Swargarohini (“the passage to heaven”). It is said that while Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava, was on his way to heaven, one of his fingers fell to the ground. He then decided to install a small Shivling, about the size of a thumb, at that spot.

Priests at Kedarnath:

The priests at Kedarnath, similar to those at Badrinath, are known as “Rawal” and belong to the Veershaiva Brahmin community from Karnataka in South India. However, unlike Badrinath, where the head priest actively performs the rituals, the Rawal at Kedarnath only oversees the ceremonies, while his assistants carry out the actual puja rituals.

During the winter months, when the doors of Kedarnath Temple are closed due to snow, the Rawal accompanies the deity to Ukhimath, where the deity is worshipped until the temple reopens in the summer.

There are five main priests for the Kedarnath temple, and each of them serves as the head priest on a yearly rotation. Unlike the priests at Badrinath, who are required to remain celibate, the priests at Kedarnath are allowed to marry.

 Pujas at Kedarnath Temple:

The various pujas (rituals) performed at Kedarnath Temple include:

1. Abhishek Puja (Bandhan) – A ritual bathing of the deity.
2. Akhand Jyoti (Daily and Annual) – Continuous lighting of the sacred lamp, performed both daily and annually.
3. Bal Bhog (Bandhan) – Offering food to the deity, often symbolizing a simple meal for the divine.
4. Bhairav Pujan Bhaint – A special puja dedicated to Bhairav Baba, the guardian of Kedarnath.
5. Nitya Niyam Bhog of Shri Kedarnath Ji (Daily) – Regular daily offerings of food to Lord Kedarnath.
6. Nitya Niyam Bhog of Shri Kedarnath Ji & His Subordinates (Daily) – Daily offerings made to Lord Kedarnath and the accompanying deities.
7. Yagya Havan (Daily Afternoon) – A fire ritual performed daily.
8. Laghu Rudrabhishek Puja – A special form of Abhishek Puja, invoking Lord Shiva through the chanting of Rudra hymns.
9. Maha-Abhishek Puja (Bandhan) – A grand form of the Abhishek Puja.
10. Mahabhog (Bandhan) – A special offering of food to the deity.

Other daily rituals include:

• Normal Bhog Puja – Daily food offerings through the chief priest.
• Shiv Ashtottari Path – Chanting of Shiva’s 108 names.
• Shiv Mahimnastotra Path – Reciting hymns that praise Lord Shiva.
• Shiv Namawali Path – A path dedicated to chanting Shiva’s names.
• Shiv Prakshmapann Stotra – A hymn seeking forgiveness from Shiva.
• Shiv Sahasranam Stotra – Chanting the 1,000 names of Lord Shiva.
• Shiv Samadhi Poojan – A special ritual performed when the temple doors close for winter.
• Shiv Taandav Stotra – Reciting the verses describing Shiva’s cosmic dance (Tandava).
• Shravani Poornima Annkut – A ritual offering made on the full moon of the Shravan month.
• Sodasopachar Puja (Bandhan) – A 16-step ritual worship.
• Special Bhog Puja (Daily) – Special food offerings made daily through the chief priest.
• Uttam Bhog Puja (Daily) – A premium food offering made daily through the chief priest.

These pujas collectively reflect the depth of devotion and ritualistic worship dedicated to Lord Shiva at Kedarnath Temple.

Best time to visit Kedarnath:

The best time to visit Kedarnath is typically between late April and early November.

• April to May: The temple usually reopens around Akshay Tritya, which falls in late April or early May. This period is ideal for pilgrims as the weather is pleasant and the snow begins to melt, making the trek to the temple easier.
• June to September: These months are popular for pilgrimage, especially in June before the monsoon season intensifies. However, be prepared for occasional rain.
• October to early November: The weather is still favorable, and the crowds are fewer as the season comes to an end. The temple closes after Bhai Dooj, which usually falls in November.

Visiting outside of the monsoon season is advisable due to heavy rainfall, which can lead to landslides and make travel difficult. Always check the local weather conditions before planning your trip!

How to reach Kedarnath?

Reaching Kedarnath involves a combination of travel modes, as the temple is situated in a remote mountainous region. Here’s how you can get there:

1. By Air:

The nearest airport is Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun, approximately 250 kilometers away from Kedarnath. From the airport, you can take a taxi or a bus to Gaurikund, the starting point for the trek to Kedarnath.

2. By Train:

The nearest railway station is Rishikesh, about 220 kilometers from Kedarnath. From Rishikesh, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Gaurikund.

3. By Road:

• Gaurikund: This is the last motorable point. You can reach Gaurikund by road from major towns such as Rishikesh, Haridwar, and Dehradun. Buses and taxis operate regularly.
• Trek to Kedarnath: From Gaurikund, you’ll need to undertake a 16-kilometer uphill trek to reach Kedarnath. Ponies and palanquins (manchans) are available for hire if you have difficulty walking.

4. Helicopter Services:

For a quicker option, helicopter services operate between Phata, Sersi, or Gaurikund and Kedarnath, especially during the peak pilgrimage season. Booking in advance is recommended due to high demand.

Important Tips:

• Travel in the Daylight: The trek should ideally be done during daylight hours for safety.
• Check Weather Conditions: Weather can change rapidly in the mountains, so keep an eye on local forecasts.
• Plan Ahead: During peak season, accommodations and transport can fill up quickly, so plan your trip in advance.

With proper planning, reaching Kedarnath can be a rewarding experience amidst stunning natural beauty!

Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about visiting Kedarnath:

Q. What is the best time to visit Kedarnath?

Ans. The best time to visit is between late April and early November. The temple usually opens around Akshay Tritya in late April and closes after Bhai Dooj in November.

Q. How do I reach Kedarnath?

Ans. You can reach Kedarnath by air, train, and road. The nearest airport is Jolly Grant Airport in Dehradun, and the nearest railway station is Rishikesh. From there, take a taxi or bus to Gaurikund, followed by a 16-kilometer trek to the temple. Helicopter services are also available.

Q.  Is the trek to Kedarnath difficult?

Ans. The trek from Gaurikund to Kedarnath is uphill and spans about 16 kilometers. It can be challenging, especially for those unaccustomed to hiking. However, ponies and palanquins are available for hire.

Q.  Are there accommodations available in Kedarnath?

Ans. Yes, there are various accommodations available, including guesthouses, dharamshalas (pilgrim rest houses), and tents. It’s advisable to book in advance, especially during peak season.

Q.  What facilities are available for pilgrims?

Ans. Facilities include basic medical aid, food stalls, and rest areas along the trek. However, amenities may be limited, so carrying essential supplies is recommended.

Q.  What is the weather like in Kedarnath?

Ans. The weather varies throughout the year. Summers (May to June) are pleasant, while monsoon (July to September) can bring heavy rains. Winters (November to March) are extremely cold, with heavy snowfall.

Q.  Are there any restrictions for pilgrims?

Ans. During the winter months, the temple is closed, and pilgrims cannot access the area. Additionally, check for any specific travel advisories or restrictions based on weather conditions.

Q.  What are the main rituals performed at Kedarnath Temple?

Ans. Various pujas and rituals are performed, including Abhishek Puja, Akhand Jyoti, and daily offerings. Special rituals are conducted during festivals and important occasions.

Q.  Is there any dress code for visiting the temple?

Ans. While there is no strict dress code, it is advisable to dress modestly and comfortably, considering the weather and trekking conditions.

Q.  Can I take photographs inside the temple?

Ans. Photography is generally not allowed inside the temple complex. However, you can take pictures of the surrounding area and the temple from outside.

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