The Ramanathaswamy Temple, a marvel of architecture and deep spirituality, is situated on Rameswaram Island in Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, it is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga temples, which hold great importance in Hinduism. Located in the heart of Rameswaram town, the temple is a major pilgrimage site, attracting devotees and tourists from around the world. The name “Rameswaram” comes from the Sanskrit term “Rāma-īśvaram,” meaning “Lord of Rama,” a reference to Lord Shiva, the main deity worshipped at the Ramanathaswamy Temple.

Significance of the temple:

The Rameshwaram Temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas in India, revered as some of the most sacred sites where Lord Shiva manifested as a tall column of light, giving rise to the name “Jyotirling.”

In addition to being a Jyotirlinga, the Ramanathaswamy Temple is also one of the original four sacred sites known as the “Chaar-Dham,” located at the four corners of India. These Chaar-Dham sites hold significant importance for Hindus, who aspire to visit them at least once in their lifetime.

According to tradition, the Chaar-Dham yatra begins in Puri, Odisha, in the east. From there, pilgrims proceed in a clockwise direction, visiting Rameshwaram second, followed by Dwarika, and concluding in Badrinath.

The temple is also one of the 275 “Paadal Petra Sthalams,” places praised in divine songs by three revered Nayanars (Saivite saints): Appar, Sundarar, and Tirugnana Sambandar. The term “thevalam” in Tamil translates to “garland of divine songs,” while “Paadal Petra Sthalam” refers to temples mentioned in these sacred hymns.

Additionally, as a testament to the Ramayana legend, floating stones can still be found near Dhanushkodi. These stones were used by Lord Rama to build a bridge (setu) to Lanka.

Ramanathaswamy Temple History:

The legend of the Rameshwaram Temple dates back to the Treta Yug, as narrated in the Ramayana. After defeating Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, Lord Rama (the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu) felt deep remorse. Since Ravana was the son of the great sage Vishrava and a Brahmin by birth, Rama sought forgiveness from Lord Shiva for his actions.

To atone for this, Rama decided to construct a large lingam for Shiva’s worship and instructed his devoted follower Hanuman to fetch a lingam from Kashi. However, as the worship needed to be conducted at a specific auspicious time, and Hanuman was delayed, Lord Rama worshipped a small lingam made of sand by Mata Sita. This lingam, worshipped by Rama, is known as “Ramanathar” or “Ramalingam,” giving Rameshwaram its name.

When Hanuman returned with the lingam, he was disappointed to find that Rama had already worshipped another. To comfort Hanuman, Rama named the lingam he brought “Kasi Viswanathar” or “Kasilingam,” also known as “Hanumanlingam.” Rama decreed that anyone visiting the temple must first worship this lingam brought by Hanuman before proceeding to worship the lingam made by Mata Sita.

As a result, the temple features two Shivlings: one created by Mata Sita and the other brought by Hanuman. Tradition dictates that devotees first offer their prayers to Kasilingam before worshipping Ramalingam.

Origin and Construction

The construction of the Ramanathaswamy Temple is attributed to various historical figures. The foundation is believed to have been laid by the Pandya dynasty, with significant contributions from the Chola dynasty and later the Nayaks. This long process of construction spanned several centuries, resulting in a unique blend of architectural styles.

The temple walls are richly adorned with numerous inscriptions in Tamil and Sanskrit, which detail donations, endowments, and historical events. These inscriptions offer valuable insights into the temple’s history and the socio-political landscape of the region over the centuries.

The Architecture of the Temple:

The Ramanathaswamy Temple is a stunning example of Dravidian architecture, known for its towering gopurams (gateway towers), intricate carvings, and expansive courtyards. This temple showcases the hallmark features of the Dravidian style, including symmetrical layouts, detailed sculptures, and elaborate pillars. The impressive design and layout of the temple reflect the advanced architectural knowledge and artistry of its time.

Major Structures

The temple complex is vast, consisting of several significant structures. The main sanctum, which houses the sacred Ramalingam and Vishwalingam, serves as the focal point of worship. The temple features two majestic gopurams: the eastern gopuram reaches a height of 126 feet, while the western gopuram stands at 78 feet. These towering structures are adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures depicting various deities and mythological scenes. The complex also includes several mandapams (halls), shrines, and the renowned Nandi statue.

Intricate Sculptures

One of the most striking aspects of the Ramanathaswamy Temple is its intricate sculptures. The walls, pillars, and gopurams are richly adorned with detailed carvings of gods, goddesses, celestial beings, and mythological narratives. These sculptures not only enhance the temple’s aesthetic appeal but also serve as a means of storytelling, conveying religious and cultural tales to the devotees. The craftsmanship of these sculptures reflects the skill and dedication of the artisans who contributed to the temple over the centuries.

Additional Shrines and Halls

Within the temple, there are separate shrines for Lord Shiva and his consort Parvathavardhini (Maan Parvati), connected by a corridor. Other shrines include those for Goddess Vishalakshi, the utsava images, the sayanagriha, as well as shrines for Vishnu and Ganesha. The temple also contains several multi-purpose halls, such as Anuppu Mandapam, Sukravara Mandapam, Setupati Mandapam, Kalyana Mandapam, and Nandi Mandapam.

Festivals and Rituals

Maha Shivaratri

Maha Shivaratri is one of the most significant festivals celebrated at the Ramanathaswamy Temple. During this time, devotees gather at the temple to offer prayers and perform rituals throughout the night, seeking blessings from Lord Shiva.

Thirukalyanam

The Thirukalyanam festival, which celebrates the divine marriage of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, is another major event at the temple. The temple is adorned with beautiful decorations, and special pujas (rituals) are conducted, drawing thousands of devotees to participate in the festivities.

Daily Rituals

The temple adheres to a strict schedule of daily rituals, which include morning and evening aarti, abhishekam (the ritual bathing of the deity), and special poojas on auspicious days. These rituals are performed with deep devotion and precision, preserving the sanctity of the temple and enhancing the spiritual experience for all who visit.

How to get Darshan in the Temple?

Before entering the Ramanathaswamy Temple, devotees are expected to take a holy dip in the sea. Once inside the temple, they must pass through 22 wells, where temple staff are present to pour water from each well over the devotees. This service is provided free of charge. After this, devotees can move to the changing room to change into fresh clothes before proceeding to the main sanctum for darshan.

It is advisable for visitors to bring an extra set of clothes for this purpose. After the darshan, devotees can collect prasad outside the temple.

Important things About Ramanathaswamy Temple:

The priests who perform the puja at the Ramanathaswamy Temple are Marathi Brahmins from Maharashtra, who receive their initiation (Diksha) from Sringeri Math in Karnataka.

The temple has an entry fee of Rs. 50, which can be purchased at the main gate. Visitors can also leave their footwear at this location.

Mobile phones are not permitted inside the temple; if you have one, you will need to hire a locker outside to store it. While there is no strict dress code, jeans are not allowed. Formal wear is acceptable, but traditional attire such as dhoti or pyjama is recommended for men. Women are advised to wear sarees or suits. Additionally, like many temples in the South, it is mandatory for women to cover their upper bodies with a dupatta or stole before entering the temple.

Best Time to Visit Ramanathaswamy Temple:

Since Rameshwaram is a coastal area, the summers here are very hot and humid. This makes the weather very unpleasant. So, if possible, one should plan a visit here between the months of July to March, when it is monsoon season or winters. If you are coming from another city, avoid visiting on festive days, as it gets very crowded.

How to reach Ramanathaswamy Temple:

• By Air: The nearest airport is Madurai, which is around 175 km distance from the temple. Another airport is Thoothukudi, at a distance of 195 km.
• By Train: Rameshwaram has a railway station which is around 2 km from the Ramanathaswamy temple.
• By Road: Rameswaram has a Bus stand which is around 2 km from the Ramanathaswamy temple. The major cities nearby are: Thootukudi (138 km), Madurai (149 km), Thanjavur (169 km), Tiruchirapalli (180 km), Tirunelveli (186 km), and Nagercoil (238 km).

Frequently Asked Questions, Ramanathaswamy Temple:

Q. Where is the Ramanathaswamy Temple located?
Ans. The temple is located on Rameswaram Island in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.

Q. Who is the main deity of the temple?
Ans. The main deity is Lord Shiva, worshipped here as Ramanathaswamy (Lord of Rama).

Q. What is the significance of this temple in Hinduism?
Ans. It is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga temples, considered highly sacred in Hinduism. It’s also part of the Char Dham pilgrimage.

Q. What is the best time to visit the temple?
Ans. The temple is open year-round, but the most pleasant weather is from October to March. Avoid the summer months (April to June) when it’s extremely hot.

Q. What are the temple timings?
Ans. The temple is typically open from 5:00 AM to 1:00 PM and 3:00 PM to 9:00 PM daily. However, it’s best to check current timings before visiting.

Q. What is unique about the temple’s architecture?
Ans. The temple is renowned for its long corridors, with the outer corridor being one of the longest in the world at about 197 meters.

Q. Is there a dress code for visiting the temple?
Ans. Yes, modest dress is required. Men should wear dhotis or long pants with shirts. Women should wear sarees, long skirts, or salwar kameez.

Q. What is the significance of the 22 theerthams (holy water bodies) in the temple?
Ans. Bathing in these theerthams is believed to wash away sins. Each theertham has its own spiritual significance.

Q. Is photography allowed inside the temple?
Ans. Generally, photography is not allowed inside the main temple premises. However, it’s best to confirm current rules with temple authorities.

Q. How do I reach Rameswaram?
Ans. Rameswaram is well-connected by road and rail. The nearest airport is in Madurai (約174 km away). There’s also a famous bridge, the Pamban Bridge, connecting Rameswaram Island to the mainland.

Q. Are there any important festivals celebrated at the temple?
Ans. Yes, major festivals include Maha Shivaratri, Aadi Amavasya, and the Thirukalyanam festival.

Q. What is the legend associated with the temple?
Ans. According to Hindu mythology, the temple was built by Lord Rama to worship Lord Shiva after his victory over Ravana.

Q. Are there guides available at the temple?
Ans. Yes, licensed guides are usually available at the temple for those who want a detailed explanation of its history and significance.